Gymnuridae
spiny butterfly ray
Gymnura altavela
FISH SPECIES
An African fish may be recorded in a rift lake, the Nile, the Congo basin, a seasonal wetland or a marine coast. These places have different connections, water conditions and histories. A continental label is useful for browsing, but it cannot by itself describe a species' ecology. Begin with a scientific name and the smallest geographic unit supported by the source. A lake record should not be converted into a claim about every African lake, and a captive specimen does not establish a wild locality.
01 / NATURAL HISTORY
Cichlid diversity in the African Great Lakes is a compelling reason to examine the habitat within a lake. A fish recorded among rocks may feed and breed differently from another using open water or sand. The word cichlid does not settle those details. FishBase describes varied feeding and parental-care patterns across the family. Identify the species and its lake before assigning a mouthbrooding mode, diet or social behavior to a photograph.
02 / LIFESTYLE
African lungfishes are often used to illustrate air breathing and survival in challenging waters. FishBase's account of the marbled lungfish lists specific Nile and Congo-basin localities and describes air breathing with qualifications about conditions. Those details are more useful than a claim that all African fish breathe air or survive drought. An adaptation belongs to a named animal, and its field expression may depend on the environment and life stage.
OBSERVATION INDEX
03 / SPECIES
Discover representative species illustrating the ecological diversity, morphologies and adaptations of this group.
Gymnuridae
Gymnura altavela
Mastacembelidae
Mastacembelus congicus
Mastacembelidae
Mastacembelus praensis
Notacanthidae
Notacanthus bonaparte
Notacanthidae
Notacanthus chemnitzii
Hoplichthyidae
Hoplichthys acanthopleurus
Triglidae
Lepidotrigla multispinosa
Sebastidae
Trachyscorpia echinata
Psettodidae
Psettodes bennettii
Notacanthidae
Notacanthus sexspinis
Mastacembelidae
Mastacembelus cryptacanthus
Holocentridae
Corniger spinosus
Diretmidae
Diretmus argenteus
Veliferidae
Metavelifer multiradiatus
Chlorophthalmidae
Chlorophthalmus corniger
Aploactinidae
Cocotropus dermacanthus
Labridae
Calotomus spinidens
Nothobranchiidae
Aphyosemion splendopleure
Labridae
Halichoeres marginatus
Cyprinidae
Opsaridium splendens
Derichthyidae
Nessorhamphus ingolfianus
Diodontidae
Cyclichthys spilostylus
Lethrinidae
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
Anthiadidae
Rabaulichthys stigmaticus
04 / FIELD NOTES
No. These are available published records with images, not an exhaustive inventory or a measure of abundance.
Follow the scientific name and source, check the scope of the evidence, and send a correction with the exact claim if needed.